The aforementioned region became known as Stara Crna Gora ' Old Montenegro' by the 19th century to distinguish the independent region from the neighbouring Ottoman-occupied Montenegrin territory of Brda '(The) Highlands'. Originally, it had referred to only a small strip of land under the rule of the Paštrovići tribe, but the name eventually came to be used for the wider mountainous region after the Crnojević noble family took power in Upper Zeta. Modern-day Montenegro was more and more known by that name in the historical period following the fall of the Serbian Despotate. It came to denote the majority of contemporary Montenegro in the 15th century. Crna Gora, was mentioned for the first time in edicts issued by Stefan Uroš I to the Serbian Orthodox Zeta Episcopate seat at Vranjina island in Lake Skadar. The country's English name derives from a Venetian calque of the Serbian "Crna Gora", meaning literally "Black Mountain", deriving from the appearance of Mount Lovćen which was covered in dense evergreen forests. Montenegro is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean, and has been in the process of joining the European Union since 2012. It is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement. Montenegro has an upper-middle-income economy, and ranks 49th in the Human Development Index. ![]() Montenegro is therefore one of the newest internationally-recognised countries in the world. In June 2006 Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro following an independence referendum, creating Montenegro and Serbia as they exist today. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together proclaimed a federation. After World War I, the kingdom became part of Yugoslavia. Montenegro's independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After falling under Ottoman Empire rule, Montenegro gained semi-autonomy in 1696 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first as a theocracy and later as a secular principality. The name Montenegro was first used to refer to the country in the late 15th century. From the late 14th century to the late 18th century, large parts of southern Montenegro were ruled by the Venetian Republic and incorporated into Venetian Albania. The Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries. ![]() ĭuring the Early Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half Travunia, the west and Rascia proper, the north. Cetinje (Cyrillic: Цетиње) is the former royal capital and cultural centre of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the President of Montenegro. Podgorica ( Cyrillic: Подгорица) is the country's capital and its largest city, it covers 10.4% of Montenegro's territory of 13,812 square kilometres (5,333 sq mi), and is home to roughly 31% of its total population of 621,000. It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, and Croatia and the Adriatic Sea to the northwest with a coastline of 293.5 km. 'Black Mountain') is a country in Southeast Europe. Montenegro ( / ˌ m ɒ n t ɪ ˈ n iː ɡ r oʊ, - ˈ n eɪ ɡ r oʊ, - ˈ n ɛ ɡ r oʊ/ ⓘ MON-tin- E(E)G-roh, - AY-groh Montenegrin: Crna Gora / Црна Гора Albanian: Mali i Zi lit. Adopted unilaterally Montenegro is not a member of the Eurozone.
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